Echo Post-Test

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All of the following can be assessed on a subcostal 4 chamber view except

Presence of a Pericardial effusion

Presence of coordinated Cardiac activity

LV contractility

Aortic stenosis

Which two of these views are best for assessing the posterior pericardium and detecting early effusions

PLAX

PSAX

Apical 4 chamber

Subcostal

In the PSAX view, what level allows for the best assessment of concentric LV function?

Just above the Mitral valve

At the level of Papillary muscles

At the Apex

At the Aortic valve level

Which of the following IVC assessments is representative of a shocked, underfilled patient:

IVC size 1.5cm, collapses <50% with inspiration

IVC size 1.5 cm, collapses >50% with inspiration

IVC size 2.1cm, collapses <50% with inspiration

IVC size 3cm, collapses 50% with inspiration

All of the following are echo findings associated with pulmonary embolism EXCEPT:

RV enlargement

RV free wall hypokinesia

RV free wall hyperkinesia

IV septal flattening

All of the following are key findings in pericardial tamponade EXCEPT:

Collapsing IVC >50%

Early systolic collapse of RA

Compressed RV and bowing of IV septum into LV

Circumferential anechoic stripe surrounding heart

Which of the following pathologies can be confidently excluded by a BELS assessment:

Segmental PE

Cardiac Tamponade

Pleural effusion

AMI

All of the following are features present in a shocked, hypovolaemic state EXCEPT:

Hyperdynamic LV

'Kissing' papillary muscles on PSAX

Dilated RV

Collapsing IVC

Regarding effusions, which of the following is FALSE:

Pericardial fluid collects posteriorly first and is best seen on the PLAX view

Left sided pleural effusion is located anterior to the descending aorta

Circumferential pericardial effusion doesn’t always cause tamponade

Pericardial effusions appear as an anechoic stripe

What are the benefits of BELS in cardiac arrest?

Can detect organised cardiac activity and aid decision making in resuscitation

Exclude pericardial tamponade

Diagnose massive PE and aid decision making regarding thrombolysis

Can rule out AMI

ECHO POST-TEST